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Contents

Following is an exhaustive list of the documents contained in the Filled Pause Research Center.

The Filled Pause Research Center Home Page

• "Filled Pauses" - a Definition
• Meaning
• My Interest
• My Dissertation

  Tagger

• Bibliography

  Disclaimer

  Airenti, G., B. Bara, & M. Colombetti 1993 Failures, exploitations and deceits in communication. In Journal of Pragmatics 20/4: 303-26.

  Anisfield, M., N. Bogo, & W. Lambert 1962 Evaluational Reactions to Accented English Speech. In Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 65/4: 223-31.

  1992 To Er (or Um) is Human. In Discover, 13/1: 8+.

  Ball, P. 1975 Listeners' Responses to Filled Pauses in Relation to Floor Apportionment. In British Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology 14/1: 423-424.

  Beattie, G. 1977 The dynamics of interruption and the filled pause. In British Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology 16/3: 283-284.

  Brennan, S. & M. Williams 1995 The Feeling of Another's Knowing: Prosody and Filled Pauses as Cues to Listeners about the Metacognitive States of Speakers.  In Journal of Memory and Language 34: 383-398.

  Christenfeld, N., S. Schachter, & F. Bilous 1991 Filled Pauses and Gestures: It's Not Coincidence. In Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 20/1: 1-20.

  Christenfeld, N. 1994 Options and Ums. In Journal of Language & Social Psychology 13/2: 192-199.

  Christenfeld, N. 1995 Does it Hurt to Say Um? In Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 19/3: 171-186.

  Christenfeld, N. 1996 Effects of a Metronome on the Filled Pauses of Fluent Speakers. In Journal of Speech & Hearing Research 39/6: 1232-1238.

  Christenfeld, N. & B. Creager 1996 Anxiety, Alcohol, Aphasia, and Ums. In Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 70/3: 451-460.

  Clark, H. 1994 Managing problems in speaking. In Speech Communication 15: 243-250.

  Cook, M. 1971 The incidence of filled pauses in relation to part of speech. In Language & Speech 14/2: 135-139.

  Fayer, J. & E. Krasinski 1987 Native and Nonnative Judgments of Intelligibility and Irritation. In Language Learning 37/3: 313-326.

  Goldman-Eisler, F. 1961 A Comparative Study of Two Hesitation Phenomena. In Language and Speech 4/??: 18-26.

  Goldman-Eisler, F. 1972 Pauses, Clauses, Sentences. In Language and Speech 15/??: 103-13.

  Griffiths, R. 1990 Pausology and Listening Comprehension: Theory, Research and Practice. In JALT Journal 12/??: 99-120.

  Griffiths, R. 1991 Pausological Research in an L2 Context: a Rationale, and Review of Selected Studies. In Applied Linguistics 12/4: 345-64.

  Jurich, A. & J. Jurich 1974 Correlations among Nonverbal Expressions of Anxiety. In Psychological Reports 34/??: 199-204.

  Jurich, A. & C. Polson 1985 Nonverbal Assessment of Anxiety as a Function of Intimacy of Sexual Attitude Questions. In Psychological Reports 57/??: 1247-1253.

  Kasl, S., & G. Mahl 1965 The Relationship of Disturbances and Hesitations in Spontaneous Speech to Anxiety. In Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1/5: 425-433.

  Kemper, S. 1992 Adults' Sentence Fragments: Who, What, When, Where, and Why. In Communication Research 19/4: 444-458.

  Kowal, S., M. Bassett, & D. O'Connell 1985 The Spontaneity of Media Interviews. In Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 14/1: 1-18.

  Krause, M. & M. Pilisuk 1961 Anxiety in Verbal Behavior: A Validation Study. In Journal of Consulting Psychology 25/5: 414-419.

  Lallgee, M. & M. Cook 1969 An experimental investigation of the function of filled pauses in speech. In Language and Speech 12: 24-29.

  Lambert, W., R. Hodgeson, R. Gardner, & S. Fillenbaum 1960 Evaluational Reactions to Spoken Languages. In Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 60/1: 44-51.

  Levin, H., I. Silverman, & B. Ford 1967 Hesitations in Children's Speech During Explanation and Description. In Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 6/??: 560-564.

  Maclay, H. & C. Osgood 1959 Hesitation Phenomena in Spontaneous English Speech. In Word, 15/??: 19-44.

  Mahl, G. 1956 Disturbances and Silences in the Patient's Speech in Psychotherapy. In Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 53/??: 1-15.

  Mahl, G. 1959 Measuring the Patient's Anxiety during Interviews from 'Expressive' Aspects of His Speech. In Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences 21/??: 249-257.

  Martin, J. 1967 Hesitation in speaker's production and listener's reproduction of utterances. In Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 6: 903-909.

  Martin, J. 1968 Temporal Word Spacing and the Perception of Ordinary, Anomalous and Scrambled Strings. In Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 7/??: 154-157.

  Martin, J. & W. Strange 1968 The perception of hesitation in spontaneous speech. In Perception and Psychophysics 3/6: 427-438.

  Murata, K. 1994 Intrusive or co-operative? A cross-cultural study of interruption. In Journal of Pragmatics 21/4: 385-400.

  Paul, E., K. White, J. Speisman, & D. Costos 1987?? Marital Conflict and Adjustment: Speech Nonfluencies in Intimate Disclosure. In Journal of Genetic Psychology 149/2: 175-189.

  Pope, B., T. Blass, A. Seigman, & J. Raher 1970 Anxiety and Depression in Speech. In Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 35/1: 128-133.

  Ragsdale, J. 1976 Relationships between Hesitation Phenomena, Anxiety, and Self-control in a Normal Communication Situation. In Language and Speech 19: 257-265.

  Reich, S. 1980 Significance of Pauses for Speech Perception. In Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 9/4: 379-89.

  Reynolds, A. & A. Paivio 1968 Cognitive and emotional determinants of speech. In Canadian Journal of Psychology 22/3: 164-175.

  Rochester, S. 1973 The Significance of Pauses in Spontaneous Speech. In Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 2/1: 51-81.

  Rochester, S. & J. Gill 1973 Production of Complex Sentences in Monologues and Dialogues. In Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior 12/2: 203-210.

  Sacks, H., E. Schegloff, & G. Jefferson 1974 A Simplest Systematics for the Organization of Turn-taking in Conversation. In Language 50/??: 696-735.

  Safire, W. 1991 Impregnating the Pause. In New York Times Magazine 16 June 1991: 8.

  Schachter, S., N. Christenfeld, B. Ravina, & F. Bilous 1991 Speech Disfluency and the Structure of Knowledge. In Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 60/3: 362-367.

  Shriberg, E. & R. Lickley 1993 Intonation of clause-internal filled pauses. In Phonetica 50: 172-179.

  Shriberg, E. 1994 Preliminaries to a theory of speech disfluencies. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley.

  Shriberg, E. 1995 Acoustic properties of disfluent repetitions. In Proceedings of the International Congress of Phonetic Sciences 4, Stockholm, Sweden, 13-19 August: 384-387.

  Shriberg, E. 1996 Disfluencies in SWITCHBOARD. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Spoken Language Processing Vol. Addendum, 11-14. Philadelphia, PA, 3-6 October.

  Shriberg, E. & A. Stolcke 1996 Word predictability after hesitations: A corpus-based study. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Spoken Language Processing 3: 1868-1871.

  Shriberg, E., R. Bates, & A. Stolcke 1997 A prosody-only decision-tree model for disfluency detection. In Proceedings of Eurospeech 97, Rhodes, Greece.

  Siegman, A. & B. Pope 1965 Effects of Question Specificity and Anxiety-producing Messages on Verbal Fluency in the Initial Interview. In Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2/4: 522-530.

  Siegman, A. & B. Pope 1966 Ambiguity and Verbal Fluency in the TAT. In Journal of Consulting Psychology 30/3: 239-245.

  Smith, V. & H. Clark 1993 On the course of answering questions. In Journal of Memory and Language 32: 25-38.

  Stolcke, A. & E. Shriberg 1996 Automatic linguistic segmentation of conversational speech. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Spoken Language Processing 2: 1005-1008.

  Stolcke, A. & E. Shriberg 1996 Statistical language modeling for speech disfluencies. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing 1: 405-408. Atlanta, GA, 7-10 May.

  Taylor, I. 1969 Content and Structure in Sentence Production. In Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 8/??: 170-175.

  d'Urso, V. & V. Zammuner 1990 The perception of pause in question-answer pairs. In Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 28/1: 41-43.

  Voss, B. 1979 Hesitation Phenomena as Sources of Perceptual Errors for Non-native Speakers. In Language and Speech 22/2: 129-144.

  Vrij, A. & F. Winkel 1991 Cultural Patterns in Dutch and Surinam Nonverbal Behavior: An Analysis of Simulated Police/Citizen Encounters. In Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 15/3: 169-184.

  Vrugt, A. & A. Kerkstra 1982 Verschillen tussen mannen en vrouwen in non-verbaal gedrag [Differences between men and women in nonverbal behavior]. In Nederlands Tijdschrift voor de Psychologie en haar Grensgebieden 37/7: 393-429.

  Vrugt, A. 1990 Negative Attitudes, Nonverbal Behavior and Self-fulfilling Prophecy in Simulated Therapy Interviews. In Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 14/2: 77-86.

  Webster, W. & E. Kramer 1968 Attitudes and Evaluational Reactions to Accented English Speech. In Journal of Social Psychology 75/??: 231-40.

  Wennerstrom, A. 1994 Intonational Meaning in English Discourse: a Study of Non-Native Speakers. In Applied Linguistics 15/4: 399-420.

  Wingate, M. 1984 Pause Loci in Stuttered and Normal Speech. In Journal of Fluency Disorders 9/3: 227-235.

  Zuengler, J. & B. Bent 1991 Relative Knowledge of Content Domain: An Influence on Native-Non-native Conversations. In Applied Linguistics 12/4: 397-415.

• Links
• A Little About Me...
• Feedback

  Archives

  Kudos

  98/02/16 - "Excellent web page."

  98/02/18 - "Quite interesting - I had no idea..."

  98/02/19 - "Fascinating.  And very clearly..."

  98/02/20 - "I would like to congratulate you..."

  98/02/21 - "Did you really like um read all those books?"

  98/02/22 - "your filled pauses site...is, well, er, terrific!!"

  98/02/22 - "*lol* loved ur page!"

  98/02/24 - "i like your page and especially your definition of a teacher"

  98/02/25 - "This is such a cool topic!"

  98/02/27 - "This is one of the most interesting sites I have found."

  98/03/01 - "I ran in to your page by accident."

  98/03/01 - "Interesting stuff."

  98/03/03 - "enjoy our Error 404 page"

  98/03/04 - "i like it"

  98/03/05 - "your site is interesting and enlightening"

  98/03/07 - "cool site"

  98/03/08 - "the way, you know, we normal people talk..."

  98/03/09 - "wonderful action research"

  98/03/10 - "It appears that there are two types of listeners out there..."

  98/03/14 - "your pages help understand the 'extras' in our speaking."

  98/03/18 - "I cannot seem to arrive at the point.  What is this for?"

  98/03/21 - "My father was a very well spoken man"

  98/03/21 - "A wonderful site!"

  98/03/22 - "good stuff here"

  98/11/11 - "I accidently stumbled onto it"

  Ideas

  98/02/19 - "I...do face-to-face and telephone interviewing"

  98/02/19 - "is saying 'like' and 'you know' that same thing?"

  98/02/20 - "I, uh,...agreed with the 'conversational turn' reason"

  98/02/20 - "If you have ever lived in a foreign country..."

  98/02/22 - "I am taking a course on 'Speech and Body Language'..."

  98/02/24 - "whether FP rate increases when...being monitored."

  98/02/25 - "'Don't Say UM.'"

  98/02/26 - "You've made something annoying sound, um, interesting!"

  98/03/01 - "I work in sales and often find myself using filled pauses"

  98/03/03 - "I am a RN-BSN."

  98/03/06 - "FP's are utilized by persons who have no idea..."

  98/03/06 - "I...liken a spoken FP to the loading of a web page"

  98/03/09 - "Are we as a linguistic group too enamored of the written text?"

  98/03/10 - "My comment has to do with regionalism"

  98/03/10 - "the reason most pause fillers are pronounced 'er'"

  98/03/11 - "I...have the habit of ending my sentences with 'so-'"

  98/03/13 - "lawyers...use a filled pause to have more time to make things up."

  98/03/13 - "FP's in telephone conversations"

  98/03/13 - " I felt...that her um's were more important than the advice she gave"

  98/03/14 - "'audible pauses'...seems more fitting"

  98/03/14 - "I used the term 'okay' 87 times in 50 minutes."

  98/03/14 - "I take issue with this statement...in the feedback archives"

  98/03/15 - "Concerned speakers try hard to eliminate filled pauses"

  98/03/15 - "the companion cannot stand lapses in the conversation"

  98/03/16 - "there is most often a quick glance up"

  98/03/16 - "the use of filled pauses in therapy"

  98/03/18 - "...is there any data on the frequency of usuage before the FPs become noticable?"

  98/03/19 - "Why do some people do more FPs than others?"

  98/10/28 - "I would like to know what the most common fp's are."

  98/11/14 - "...you can use the 'pregnant pause' to hold the floor"

  98/11/16 - "...using...filled pauses from one's native language"

  Teachers

  98/02/20 - "I'm a...English teacher fighting the 'like' battle"

  98/03/08 - "As a retired college professor..."

  98/03/09 - "I have attempted to rid my sixth graders...of saying 'um'"

  98/03/14 - "I wonder if second language speakers use FPs as much...?"

  Women

  98/02/19 - "I am...interested in the discussion of usage by women."

  98/03/01 - "I wonder if filled pauses might be a male (vs. female) thing."

  98/03/03 - "I noticed a prevalent characteristic of my female peers"

  98/03/04 - "the use of 'like' and 'um' in the genders"

  98/03/12 - "I'm a 'veteran' of the so-called Women's Movement..."

  98/11/10 - "We are...researching the filled paused variation in gender"

  Public Speaking Skills

  98/02/19 - "Toastmasters International has local clubs..."

  98/02/19 - "why teach someone to speak more effectively using FP's."

  98/02/19 - "I have learned to inject filled pauses into my delivery."

  98/02/19 - "it surprises me teachers like yourself...use fp's.

  98/02/19 - "have you given thought to deliberate and studied pauses?"

  98/02/22 - "There are two words that I hate..."

  98/02/24 - "I am appalled at the way U.S. athletes talk..."

  98/02/25 - "I continually strive to delete...filled pauses..."

  98/02/25 - "I'm particularly interested in...'But, uh, ...'"

  98/03/03 - "Anyone who is fluent is not to be trusted..."

  98/03/04 - "this work may be of value to language students"

  98/03/07 - "do you know of ways to minimize these FP's?"

  98/03/11 - "Discovered the filled pause @ my 1st Toastmasters meeting"

  98/03/12 - "...we spend a portion of our energies working to master our ums and ahs."

  98/03/15 - "...an interesting confluence of pause filled disfluency"

  Mentor's Minute:  "ELIMINATE SPACE FILLERS FROM YOUR SPEECH!"

  98/03/16 - "we had to prevent ourselves from saying 'eh'"

  Chat

  98/02/19 - "With the advent of the internet..."

  98/03/02 - "...filled pauses on chat screens across the world."

  Smileys

  98/03/05 - "it seems to me to be very natural."

  98/03/11 - "I am a person who uses 'umm..' very often in...chat"

  98/03/13 - "the internet chat process is a natural extension of the mind."

  98/10/23 - "...any on-line resources about the chatters use of language?"

  FP Examples

  98/02/19 - "you might be interested in a...piece of trivia"

  98/02/20 - "Have you studied...the Kennedy dynasty"

  98/02/20 - "The COO...is known for his filled pauses"

  98/02/21 - "Try listening to...former New York Mayor Ed Koch..."

  98/02/27 - "...Ronald Regan as the king of Filled Pauses."

  98/02/28 - "If you listen to any of Princess Diana's...speeches"

  98/03/02 - "my children use 'Yeah ?' in the interogative..."

  98/03/03 - "I once had a Chinese Politics professor..."

  98/03/02 - ""Why do people sound like they're asking a question...?"

  98/03/03 - "How about 'can you dig it?'"

  98/03/04 - "they fill the pause with a 'Choo, choo, choo,' sound."

  98/03/04 - "a lady who uses 'I' (instead of 'um')"

  98/03/05 - "In George Herbert's book 'Dune'..."

  98/03/06 - "I note hearing filled pauses most in law classes"

  98/03/06 - "'What's the word?'"

  98/03/07 - "A woman...would occasionally use...'la'..."

  98/03/08 - "you hope to look at other languages other than English..."

  98/03/10 - "the world champion of the 'filled pause as conversation control'"

  98/03/11 - "She used the sexiest 'um' that one can imagine."

  98/03/12 - "'You know.' irritates me..."

  98/03/16 - "'the' IS pronounced 'thee'"

  98/03/18 - "I knew someone who would use the word 'but' as an FP."

  98/03/18 - "Have you studied any Beavis & Butthead scripts?"

  98/03/18 - "Any topic that is of stress or emotion for me causes me to shut down momentarily."

  98/03/19 - "What about...like...when you..like...use 'like' in your...like...filled pauses?"

  98/03/19 - "Finns sure do have an abundance of filled pauses in their language!"

  98/03/21 - "The chairman...uses the phrase 'in reference to' repeatedly"

  Related Topics

  98/02/17 - "As a speech pathology major.."

  98/02/20 - "My eight year old son...'hums' between words..."

  98/02/20 - "I am a speech-language pathologist..."

  98/02/21 - "You mentioned that your father spoke at church."

  98/02/26 - "I am looking for some info to guide a 3 year old"

  98/02/27 - "a web-site that deals with...reverse speach"

  98/03/04 - "the development of high quality speech recognition software"

  98/03/05 - "I am a...long term member of ComedySportz"

  98/03/08 - "I'd like to do a study of what makes Spalding Gray so interesting"

  98/03/08 - "I'm curious whether 'rhythm' is a useful concept in your work."

  98/03/11 - "some of my students...used uhms and ahs in their essays!"

  98/03/12 - "the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association"

  98/03/13 - "relationship between filled pauses and...reverse speech."

  98/03/16 - "while studying Mozart piano music..."

  98/03/18 - "...one of the symptoms I look for...are excessive pauses..."

  98/03/19 - "...when I traveled to SA my pauses were annoying to native Spanish speakers."

  98/03/19 - "filled pause analysis as a tool in forensic speaker identification"

  98/10/29 - "...texts are opting for more 'natural-language' teaching"

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[ "Filled Pauses" - a Definition ] [ Meaning ] [ My Interest ] [ My Dissertation ] [ Bibliography ] [ Links ] [ A Little About Me... ] [ Feedback ] [ News ] [ Site Contents ]